diff --git a/users/guanranwang/home-manager/nixos/fonts.nix b/users/guanranwang/home-manager/nixos/fonts.nix
index 912e48c..4bda9c4 100644
--- a/users/guanranwang/home-manager/nixos/fonts.nix
+++ b/users/guanranwang/home-manager/nixos/fonts.nix
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 {pkgs, ...}: {
+  fonts.fontconfig.enable = true;
   home.packages = with pkgs; [
     ### Noto Fonts
     noto-fonts
diff --git a/users/guanranwang/home-manager/nixos/home.nix b/users/guanranwang/home-manager/nixos/home.nix
index cccec66..2b5c603 100644
--- a/users/guanranwang/home-manager/nixos/home.nix
+++ b/users/guanranwang/home-manager/nixos/home.nix
@@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
-{
-  config,
-  pkgs,
-  ...
-}: {
+{pkgs, ...}: {
   home = {
     username = "guanranwang";
     homeDirectory = "/home/guanranwang";
@@ -101,12 +97,6 @@
         nil
         gopls
         libclang
-
-        # themes
-        tela-icon-theme
-        tela-circle-icon-theme
-        papirus-icon-theme
-        adw-gtk3
       ])
       ++ (with pkgs.gnome; [
         # GNOME
@@ -130,89 +120,6 @@
         just-perfection
         kimpanel
       ]);
-
-    pointerCursor = {
-      gtk.enable = true;
-      x11.enable = true;
-      name = "Adwaita";
-      package = pkgs.gnome.adwaita-icon-theme;
-      size = 24;
-    };
-  };
-
-  gtk = {
-    enable = true;
-    font.name = "Sans";
-    cursorTheme = {
-      name = "Adwaita";
-      package = pkgs.gnome.adwaita-icon-theme;
-      size = 24;
-    };
-    theme = {
-      name = "adw-gtk3-dark";
-      package = pkgs.adw-gtk3;
-    };
-    iconTheme = {
-      #name = "Tela-dracula-dark";
-      #package = pkgs.tela-icon-theme;
-      name = "Papirus-Dark";
-      package = pkgs.papirus-icon-theme;
-    };
-    gtk2.configLocation = "${config.xdg.configHome}/gtk-2.0/gtkrc";
-  };
-
-  dconf.settings = {
-    "org/gnome/desktop/wm/preferences" = {
-      "titlebar-font" = "Sans Bold";
-      "button-layout" = "icon,appmenu:";
-    };
-    "org/gnome/desktop/interface" = {
-      "clock-format" = "12h";
-      "color-scheme" = "prefer-dark";
-      "document-font-name" = "Sans";
-      "font-name" = "Sans";
-      "monospace-font-name" = "Monospace";
-    };
-  };
-
-  fonts.fontconfig.enable = true;
-
-  # X resources file
-  # ~/.Xresources
-  xresources.properties = {
-    # Cursor
-    "Xcursor.theme" = "Adwaita";
-
-    # Fonts
-    "Xft.autohint" = "0";
-    "Xft.lcdfilter" = "lcddefault";
-    "Xft.hintstyle" = "hintslight";
-    "Xft.hinting" = "1";
-    "Xft.antialias" = "1";
-    "Xft.rgba" = "rgb";
-
-    # Tokyonight color scheme
-    # i have no idea what does it apply to
-    "*background" = "#1a1b26";
-    "*foreground" = "#c0caf5";
-
-    "*color0" = "#15161e";
-    "*color1" = "#f7768e";
-    "*color2" = "#9ece6a";
-    "*color3" = "#e0af68";
-    "*color4" = "#7aa2f7";
-    "*color5" = "#bb9af7";
-    "*color6" = "#7dcfff";
-    "*color7" = "#a9b1d6";
-
-    "*color8" = "#414868";
-    "*color9" = "#f7768e";
-    "*color10" = "#9ece6a";
-    "*color11" = "#e0af68";
-    "*color12" = "#7aa2f7";
-    "*color13" = "#bb9af7";
-    "*color14" = "#7dcfff";
-    "*color15" = "#c0caf5";
   };
 
   wayland.windowManager = {
diff --git a/users/guanranwang/home-manager/nixos/presets/desktop.nix b/users/guanranwang/home-manager/nixos/presets/desktop.nix
index 27c1d2b..832b82f 100644
--- a/users/guanranwang/home-manager/nixos/presets/desktop.nix
+++ b/users/guanranwang/home-manager/nixos/presets/desktop.nix
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
     ../dotfiles.nix
     ../fonts.nix
     ../i18n.nix
+    ../theme.nix
 
     ../wm
     ../xdg
diff --git a/users/guanranwang/home-manager/nixos/theme.nix b/users/guanranwang/home-manager/nixos/theme.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a7dafb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/users/guanranwang/home-manager/nixos/theme.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+{
+  pkgs,
+  config,
+  ...
+}: {
+  gtk.enable = true;
+  gtk.gtk2.configLocation = "${config.xdg.configHome}/gtk-2.0/gtkrc";
+
+  ### Cursor
+  home.pointerCursor = {
+    gtk.enable = true;
+    x11.enable = true;
+    name = "Adwaita";
+    package = pkgs.gnome.adwaita-icon-theme;
+    size = 24;
+  };
+  # gtk.cursorTheme is unneeded
+  # https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/blob/8765d4e38aa0be53cdeee26f7386173e6c65618d/modules/config/home-cursor.nix#L179C33-L179C33
+
+  ### Icon
+  gtk = {
+    iconTheme = {
+      #name = "Tela-dracula-dark";
+      #package = pkgs.tela-icon-theme;
+      name = "Papirus-Dark";
+      package = pkgs.papirus-icon-theme;
+    };
+  };
+
+  ### Font
+  gtk.font.name = "Sans";
+
+  ### GTK theme
+  gtk.theme = {
+    name = "adw-gtk3-dark";
+    package = pkgs.adw-gtk3;
+  };
+
+  ### Dconf
+  dconf.settings = {
+    "org/gnome/desktop/wm/preferences" = {
+      "titlebar-font" = "Sans Bold";
+    };
+    "org/gnome/desktop/interface" = {
+      "document-font-name" = "Sans";
+      "monospace-font-name" = "Monospace";
+      # "font-name" is unneeded
+      # https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/blob/8765d4e38aa0be53cdeee26f7386173e6c65618d/modules/misc/gtk.nix#L237C19-L237C19
+
+      "clock-format" = "12h";
+      "color-scheme" = "prefer-dark";
+      "button-layout" = "icon,appmenu:"; # remove csd window buttons
+
+      # i want to split dconf but
+      #
+      # error: attribute '"org/gnome/desktop/interface"' already defined at /nix/store/cjr3qn1kg0z268dnbmc2vry4sbgqvnvm-source/users/guanranwang/home-manager/nixos/theming.nix:52:5
+      #
+      # at /nix/store/cjr3qn1kg0z268dnbmc2vry4sbgqvnvm-source/users/guanranwang/home-manager/nixos/theming.nix:36:5:
+      #
+      #     35|     };
+      #     36|     "org/gnome/desktop/interface" = {
+      #       |     ^
+      #     37|       "document-font-name" = "Sans";
+    };
+  };
+
+  # Misc
+  xresources.properties = {
+    # Cursor
+    "Xcursor.theme" = "Adwaita";
+
+    # Fonts
+    "Xft.autohint" = "0";
+    "Xft.lcdfilter" = "lcddefault";
+    "Xft.hintstyle" = "hintslight";
+    "Xft.hinting" = "1";
+    "Xft.antialias" = "1";
+    "Xft.rgba" = "rgb";
+
+    # Tokyonight color scheme
+    # i have no idea what does it apply to
+    "*background" = "#1a1b26";
+    "*foreground" = "#c0caf5";
+
+    "*color0" = "#15161e";
+    "*color1" = "#f7768e";
+    "*color2" = "#9ece6a";
+    "*color3" = "#e0af68";
+    "*color4" = "#7aa2f7";
+    "*color5" = "#bb9af7";
+    "*color6" = "#7dcfff";
+    "*color7" = "#a9b1d6";
+
+    "*color8" = "#414868";
+    "*color9" = "#f7768e";
+    "*color10" = "#9ece6a";
+    "*color11" = "#e0af68";
+    "*color12" = "#7aa2f7";
+    "*color13" = "#bb9af7";
+    "*color14" = "#7dcfff";
+    "*color15" = "#c0caf5";
+  };
+}