flake/users/guanranwang/home-manager/resources/dotfiles/config/fontconfig/fonts.conf

<?xml version='1.0'?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM 'fonts.dtd'>
<fontconfig>
  <its:rules version="1.0" xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its">
    <its:translateRule selector="/fontconfig/*[not(self::description)]" translate="no"/>
  </its:rules>
  <description>trash Font Config 2.0</description>
  <!--
    (default = true) Use antialias
    Disable embedded bitmap fonts
    (default = false) Disable autohint
    (default = true) Hinting
    (default = hintslight) Hint style
    RGBA
    LCD filter
    Set DPI
   -->
  <match target="font">
    <edit name="antialias" mode="assign">         <bool>true</bool></edit>
    <edit name="embeddedbitmap" mode="assign">    <bool>false</bool></edit>
    <edit name="autohint" mode="assign">          <bool>false</bool></edit>
    <edit name="hinting" mode="assign">           <bool>true</bool></edit>
    <edit name="hintstyle" mode="assign">         <const>hintslight</const></edit>
    <edit name="rgba" mode="assign">              <const>rgb</const></edit>
    <edit name="lcdfilter" mode="assign">         <const>lcddefault</const></edit>
    <edit name="dpi" mode="assign">               <double>96</double></edit>
  </match>

  <!-- Latin font -->
  <match>
    <test name="family" qual="any"><string>serif</string></test>
    <edit name="family" binding="strong" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Serif</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="family" qual="any"><string>sans-serif</string></test>
    <edit name="family" binding="strong" mode="prepend"><string>Inter</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="family" qual="any"><string>monospace</string></test>
    <edit name="family" binding="strong" mode="prepend"><string>JetBrainsMono Nerd Font</string></edit>
  </match>

  <!-- Chinese -->
  <!-- "lang=zh" or "lang=zh-*" -->
  <!-- Chinese, no variants specified (Simplefied, as it is the modern standard) -->
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>zh</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>serif</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Serif CJK SC</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>zh</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>sans-serif</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Sans CJK SC</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>zh</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>monospace</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Sans Mono CJK SC</string></edit>
  </match>

  <!-- Chinese Variants (standard, specified by variants) -->
  <!-- not working? tried `fc-match -sort serif:lang=zh-hk`, but it returns `Noto Sans CJK SC` instead of HK-->
  <!-- I have no idea when should i use prepend and append, so i will use prepend in all cases :( -->
  <!-- "lang=zh-hans" or "lang=zh-hans-*" -->
  <!-- Chinese, simplefied variants (used in Mainland China) -->
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>zh-hans</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>serif</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Serif CJK SC</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>zh-hans</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>sans-serif</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Sans CJK SC</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>zh-hans</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>monospace</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Sans Mono CJK SC</string></edit>
  </match>

  <!-- "lang=zh-hant" or "lang=zh-hant-*" -->
  <!-- Chinese, traditional variants (used in Taiwan) -->
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>zh-hant</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>serif</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Serif CJK TC</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>zh-hant</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>sans-serif</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Sans CJK TC</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>zh-hant</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>monospace</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Sans Mono CJK TC</string></edit>
  </match>

  <!-- "lang=zh-hant-hk" or "lang=zh-hant-hk-*" -->
  <!-- Chinese, traditional variants, Hong Kong variants -->
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>zh-hant</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>serif</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Serif CJK HK</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>zh-hant</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>sans-serif</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Sans CJK HK</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>zh-hant</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>monospace</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Sans Mono CJK HK</string></edit>
  </match>

  <!-- Chinese Compatible (non-standard, specified by country) -->
  <!-- "lang=zh-cn" or "lang=zh-cn-*" -->
  <!-- Chinese, Mainland China variants  (Simplefied) -->
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>zh-cn</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>serif</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Serif CJK SC</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>zh-cn</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>sans-serif</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Sans CJK SC</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>zh-cn</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>monospace</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Sans Mono CJK SC</string></edit>
  </match>
  <!-- "lang=zh-tw" or "lang=zh-tw-*" -->
  <!-- Chinese, Taiwan (Traditional) variants -->
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>zh-tw</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>serif</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Serif CJK TC</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>zh-tw</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>sans-serif</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Sans CJK TC</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>zh-tw</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>monospace</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Sans Mono CJK TC</string></edit>
  </match>
  <!-- "lang=zh-hk" or "lang=zh-hk-*" -->
  <!-- Chinese, Hong Kong (variant of Traditional Chinese) variants -->
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>zh-hk</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>serif</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Serif CJK HK</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>zh-hk</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>sans-serif</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Sans CJK HK</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>zh-hk</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>monospace</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend"><string>Noto Sans Mono CJK HK</string></edit>
  </match>

  <!-- Japanese -->
  <!-- "lang=ja" or "lang=ja-*" -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>ja</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>serif</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong"><string>Noto Serif CJK JP</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>ja</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>sans-serif</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong"><string>Noto Sans CJK JP</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>ja</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>monospace</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong"><string>Noto Sans Mono CJK JP</string></edit>
  </match>

  <!-- Korean -->
  <!-- "lang=ko" or "lang=ko-*" -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>ko</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>serif</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong"><string>Noto Serif CJK KR</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>ko</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>sans-serif</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong"><string>Noto Sans CJK KR</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains"><string>ko</string></test>
    <test name="family"><string>monospace</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong"><string>Noto Sans Mono CJK KR</string></edit>
  </match>

  <!-- Fallback fonts preference order -->
  <!-- Might not be nessessary -->
  <alias>
    <family>sans-serif</family>
    <prefer>
      <family>Inter</family>
      <family>Roboto</family>
      <family>Noto Sans</family>
      <family>Noto Sans CJK SC</family>
      <family>Noto Sans CJK TC</family>
      <family>Noto Sans CJK JP</family>
      <family>Noto Sans CJK KR</family>
      <family>Source Han Sans CN</family>
      <family>Noto Color Emoji</family>
      <family>Noto Emoji</family>
      <!-- ??? whats all the stuff below ??? -->
      <family>DejaVu Sans</family>
      <family>Verdana</family>
      <family>Arial</family>
      <family>Albany AMT</family>
      <family>Luxi Sans</family>
      <family>Nimbus Sans L</family>
      <family>Nimbus Sans</family>
      <family>Helvetica</family>
      <family>Lucida Sans Unicode</family>
      <family>BPG Glaho International</family>
      <family>Tahoma</family>
    </prefer>
  </alias>
  <alias>
    <family>serif</family>
    <prefer>
      <family>Noto Serif</family>
      <family>Noto Serif CJK SC</family>
      <family>Noto Serif CJK TC</family>
      <family>Noto Serif CJK JP</family>
      <family>Noto Serif CJK KR</family>
      <family>Source Han Serif CN</family>
      <family>Noto Color Emoji</family>
      <family>Noto Emoji</family>
    </prefer>
  </alias>
  <alias>
    <family>monospace</family>
    <prefer>
      <family>JetBrainsMono Nerd Font</family>
      <family>Noto Sans Mono</family>
      <family>Noto Sans Mono CJK SC</family>
      <family>Noto Sans Mono CJK TC</family>
      <family>Noto Sans Mono CJK JP</family>
      <family>Noto Sans Mono CJK KR</family>
      <family>Noto Color Emoji</family>
      <family>Noto Emoji</family>
    </prefer>
  </alias>

  <!-- Rebind Windows fonts to sans-serif -->
  <!-- Sans -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="family" qual="any"><string>Microsoft YaHei</string></test>
    <edit name="family" binding="same" mode="assign"><string>sans-serif</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="family" qual="any"><string>SimHei</string></test>
    <edit name="family" binding="same" mode="assign"><string>sans-serif</string></edit>
  </match>
  <!-- Serif -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="family" qual="any"><string>SimSun</string></test>
    <edit name="family" binding="same" mode="assign"><string>serif</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="family" qual="any"><string>SimSun-18030</string></test>
    <edit name="family" binding="same" mode="assign"><string>serif</string></edit>
  </match>

  <!-- Rebind old Chinese fonts -->
  <!-- Sans -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="family" qual="any"><string>WenQuanYi Zen Hei</string></test>
    <edit name="family" binding="same" mode="assign"><string>sans-serif</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="family" qual="any"><string>WenQuanYi Micro Hei</string></test>
    <edit name="family" binding="same" mode="assign"><string>sans-serif</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="family" qual="any"><string>WenQuanYi Micro Hei Light</string></test>
    <edit name="family" binding="same" mode="assign"><string>sans-serif</string></edit>
  </match>

  <!-- Uniform unliked fonts -->
  <!-- Monospace -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="family" qual="any"><string>Liberation Mono</string></test>
    <edit name="family" binding="same" mode="assign"><string>monospace</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="family" qual="any"><string>SF Mono</string></test>
    <edit name="family" binding="same" mode="assign"><string>monospace</string></edit>
  </match>
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="family" qual="any"><string>Noto Sans Mono</string></test>
    <edit name="family" binding="same" mode="assign"><string>monospace</string></edit>
  </match>

  <!-- why is DejaVu Sans still here after fonts.enableDefaultPackages = false -->
  <selectfont>
    <rejectfont>
        <pattern><patelt name="family" ><string>DejaVu Sans</string></patelt></pattern>
    </rejectfont>
  </selectfont>

  <!-- Portal 2 missing non Latin font -->
  <!-- (maybe even includes other valve games, since csgo console is missing non latin font too) -->
  <!-- https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Steam/Game-specific_troubleshooting#Portal_2 -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="family" qual="any"><string>Helvetica</string></test>
    <edit name="family" binding="same" mode="assign"><string>sans-serif</string></edit>
  </match>

</fontconfig>